The Main Symptoms of Thyroid Disease
The thyroid gland, located near the base of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating various systems of the human body. When the thyroid gland is not functioning properly, it can lead to a range of symptoms that affect overall health and wellbeing. In this article, we will discuss the ten main symptoms of thyroid disease and how they can impact individuals.
Changes in Weight
Unexplained changes in weight are one of the most common symptoms of thyroid disease. When the thyroid gland is underactive, or experiencing hypothyroidism, it functions insufficiently and can result in weight gain even with regular exercise and calorie reduction. On the other hand, when the thyroid gland is overactive, or experiencing hyperthyroidism, it can lead to weight loss even with a normal diet.
It is important to note that not everyone will experience these weight changes. Some individuals with an underactive thyroid may still lose weight or be underweight, while others with an overactive thyroid may struggle to lose weight even with a healthy diet and exercise.
Temperature Problems
Thyroid problems can also make individuals more sensitive to temperature variations. Those with hypothyroidism often feel constantly cold, even in normal temperature conditions. Conversely, those with hyperthyroidism may experience hot flashes and excessive sweating, even in normal temperature conditions.
Fatigue, Sleep, and Mental Health
Fatigue and sleep problems are common symptoms of thyroid issues. Individuals with hypothyroidism may wake up feeling exhausted, even after a full night's sleep. They may need long naps or excessive sleep on rest days. On the other hand, those with hyperthyroidism may struggle to fall asleep, wake up multiple times during the night, and experience an accelerated heart rate or anxiety at bedtime.
Mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and panic attacks are also common in individuals with thyroid problems. Those with hypothyroidism may suffer from depression that does not respond to antidepressants. Those with hyperthyroidism may experience anxiety, panic disorders, or panic attacks.
Changes in the Neck or Throat
Thyroid problems can lead to issues in the neck or throat. Symptoms may include swelling of the neck, a sensation of “fullness” in the neck, visible enlargement of the neck, ear and jaw pain, discomfort with turtlenecks or ties, swallowing or breathing difficulties, sensitivity in the neck area, and a hoarse voice.
While swelling of the neck is often a symptom of thyroid disease, it can also indicate serious conditions such as cancer, infection, or neurological disease. It is important to promptly consult a healthcare professional if any part of the neck is swollen.
Hair, Skin, and Nail Problems
Thyroid problems can affect hormones, leading to changes in hair, skin, and nails. In cases of hypothyroidism, hair can become brittle, thick, and dry. Hair loss, especially on the outer edge of the eyebrows, may also occur. The skin may become thick, dry, and scaly, particularly on the heels, knees, and elbows. Nails can become brittle, thin, or dull.
For those with hyperthyroidism, severe hair loss, thinning hair, increased skin sensitivity, and the appearance of unusual rashes may be observed.
Intestinal Transit Problems
Thyroid problems can also cause digestive issues. Individuals with hypothyroidism may experience severe or persistent constipation that does not respond to treatment. On the other hand, those with hyperthyroidism may experience diarrhea, loose stools, or irritable bowel syndrome.
Menstrual and Fertility Problems
Thyroid problems can increase the risk of infertility, particularly in cases of hypothyroidism. This can make fertility treatments less effective and increase the risk of miscarriages. Thyroid disorders can also cause irregular periods. In cases of hypothyroidism, periods may be heavier, more painful, or less frequent. In cases of hyperthyroidism, periods may be shorter, with a lighter flow, or even absent.
